What is extrapyramidal reaction?
What is extrapyramidal reaction?
Extrapyramidal symptoms, also called drug-induced movement disorders, describe the side effects caused by certain antipsychotic and other drugs. These side effects include: involuntary or uncontrollable movements. tremors. muscle contractions.
What are examples of extrapyramidal side effects?
Extrapyramidal side effects: Physical symptoms, including tremor, slurred speech, akathesia, dystonia, anxiety, distress, paranoia, and bradyphrenia, that are primarily associated with improper dosing of or unusual reactions to neuroleptic (antipsychotic) medications.
What is the difference between EPS and TD?
In contrast to acute EPS, TD is insidious in onset, arises only after prolonged treatment and is often masked by ongoing treatment. In addition, TD is irreversible in most cases but usually mild, whereas acute EPS are transient but unmistakable and incapacitating.
How do extrapyramidal side effects occur?
Extrapyramidal symptoms are caused by dopamine blockade or depletion in the basal ganglia; this lack of dopamine often mimics idiopathic pathologies of the extrapyramidal system.
What is dystonic reaction?
Dystonic reactions (ie, dyskinesias) are characterized by intermittent spasmodic or sustained involuntary contractions of muscles in the face, neck, trunk, pelvis, extremities, and even the larynx.
What is acute dystonic reaction?
Acute dystonic reaction is an acute neurological condition, commonly seen in the emergency department that is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that may manifest as torticollis, opisthotonus, dysarthria and/or oculogyric crisis [1].
What means akathisia?
Akathisia is a movement disorder that makes it hard for you to stay still. It causes an urge to move that you can’t control. You might need to fidget all the time, walk in place, or cross and uncross your legs. Usually, akathisia is a side effect of antipsychotic drugs.
What does Pseudoparkinsonism mean?
Pseudoparkinsonism, also known as drug-induced parkinsonism, is a reversible condition that resembles parkinsonism. Parkinsonism refers to any condition that causes the movement irregularities seen in Parkinson’s disease, a brain disorder.
What is akathisia and dystonia?
Akathisia is a movement disorder that may be associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. The primary movement disorders from antipsychotic agents are akathisia, acute dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia. Akathisia may also rarely occur with antidepressant agents.
Is akathisia an EPS?
EPS can be categorised as acute (dystonia, akathisia and parkinsonism) and tardive (tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia) syndromes. They are thought to have a significant impact on subjective tolerability and adherence with antipsychotic therapy in addition to impacting function.
Why do anticholinergics treat EPS?
When anticholinergic agents, such as benztropine, are given to relieve EPS, the intention is to block the excessive nigrostriatal acetylcholine transmission that ultimately causes the motor side effects.
What tardive dyskinesia means?
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a disorder that involves involuntary movements. Tardive means delayed and dyskinesia means abnormal movement.
What does extrapyramidal reaction mean?
Medical Definition of Extrapyramidal side effects. Extrapyramidal side effects: Physical symptoms, including tremor, slurred speech, akathesia, dystonia, anxiety, distress, paranoia, and bradyphrenia, that are primarily associated with improper dosing of or unusual reactions to neuroleptic (antipsychotic) medications.
What are extrapyramidal side effects?
Acute Dystonias. A dystonia is a nonspecific medical term that indicates some sort of abnormality in muscle contraction that may result in involuntary postures or repetitive movements.
What drugs cause extrapyramidal symptoms?
Extrapyramidal side effects are a group of symptoms that can occur in people taking antipsychotic medications. 1 They are more commonly caused by typical antipsychotics, but can and do occur with any type of antipsychotic. Antidepressants and other medications can sometimes cause extrapyramidal side effects as well.
Why does Benadryl help extrapyramidal symptoms?
Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine used to treat a number of conditions including allergic symptoms and itchiness, the common cold, insomnia, motion sickness, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Diphenhydramine also has local anesthetic properties, and has been used as such in people allergic to common local anesthetics such as lidocaine.