Why ophthalmic preparations must be isotonic?
Why ophthalmic preparations must be isotonic?
Design and Evaluation of Ophthalmic Delivery Formulations Isotonicity is considered an important parameter for the ophthalmic preparations because if it is not maintained it can cause irritation or tissue damage to the eye.
What is ophthalmic suspension used for?
FML (fluorometholone) Ophthalmic Suspension is a steroid used to treat eye swelling caused by infections, injury, surgery, or other conditions.
What are the properties ophthalmic products should possess?
Products with all these characteristics are supposed to be ideal ophthalmic products. 1) They must be sterile to prevent the serious eye infections. 2) They should be free from foreign particulate matter since they cause irritation and discomfort to the eye. 3) They should be iso- osmotic with the lachrymal secretion .
How do you safely administer ophthalmic medication?
Place the medication bottle ½ to ¾ inch above his conjunctival sac, making sure it doesn’t touch anything. Squeeze the bottle and instill the prescribed number of drops into the center of the conjunctival sac. Ask him to gently close his eyes and move them while closed to help distribute the solution.
What is the importance of Isotonicity in pharmacy?
It is important for a solution to be isotonic with a bodily fluid to prevent irritation and cell damage, and to maximise drug efficacy.
Why ophthalmic products must be sterile?
Every ophthalmic product must be sterile in its final container to prevent microbial contamination of the eye. When aqueous suspensions are used, the particle size is kept to a minimum to prevent irritation of the eye.
What is the meaning of ophthalmic solution?
“Ophthalmic solution” is a term sometimes used to describe liquid eye drops. These eye drops are used to treat conditions, including eye infections, eye allergies and corneal ulcers.
What is ophthalmic product?
Ophthalmic preparations (eye preparations) are sterile liquid, semi-solid, or solid preparations that may contain one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients. Ophthalmic products are intended for application to the conjunctiva, the conjunctival sac, or the eyelids.
What is ophthalmic medication?
Ophthalmic anti-infectives are anti-infectives contained in a product formulated especially to be instilled or applied in the eye or eyes. Ophthalmic anti-infectives include eyedrops, gels or ointments. Anti-infectives are drugs that can either kill an infectious agent or inhibit it from spreading.
What is Isotonicity in industrial pharmacy?
What is isotonicity? In pharmacy, isotonicity calculations are most often performed for parenteral and ophthalmic solutions which must have a freezing point depression of 0.52◦C for them to be isotonic with blood plasma and tears. Therefore a solution is considered to be isotonic if it has a freezing point1 of −0.52◦C.
What is the difference between ophthalmic solutions and suspensions?
According to the USP, ophthalmic solutions are sterile solutions, essentially free from foreign particles, suitably compounded and packaged for instillation into the eye. Ophthalmic suspensions are sterile liquid preparations that contain solid particles in a suitable vehicle intended for instillation into the eye.
What are the new forms of ophthalmic drug delivery?
•The newest dosage forms for ophthalmic drug delivery are: gels, gel-forming solutions, ocular inserts, intravitreal injections and implants. 2 Drugs Used in The Eye: •Mioticse.g. pilocarpine Hcl •Mydriaticse.g. Atropine •Cycloplegicse.g.
What are the drugs used to treat glaucoma?
These drugs are used for management of glaucoma, as adjuncts for ocular surgery, and for treatment of various other ophthalmic conditions. Direct-Acting Miotics acetylcholine. Acetylcholine (Miochol-E) is a direct-acting cholinergic drug that is used to produce miosis during ophthalmic surgery.
What is an ophthalmic preparation?
Ophthalmic Preparations: •“They are specialized dosage forms designed to be instilledontotheexternalsurfaceoftheeye(topical), administeredinside(intraocular)oradjacent(periocular) totheeyeorusedinconjunctionwithanophthalmic device.” •The most commonly employed ophthalmic dosage forms are solutions, suspensions and ointments.