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What is granule exocytosis?

What is granule exocytosis?

NK cells can also eliminate target cells through granule exocytosis, a process involving the production of perforin and granzyme (A, B) containing granules, which are secreted from the NK cell upon interaction with the target cell.

What are cytotoxic granules?

Cytotoxic granules are hybrid organelles that contain both lysosome and late endosome components. They have various proportions of dense core domains, where perforin and granzymes are stored, and multivesicular bodies, which contain acid hydrolases.

What is transported in exocytosis?

Exocytosis (/ˌɛksoʊsaɪˈtoʊsɪs/) is a form of active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules (e.g., neurotransmitters and proteins) out of the cell (exo- + cytosis). As an active transport mechanism, exocytosis requires the use of energy to transport material.

What is the function of Granzymes?

Granzymes are a family of serine proteases traditionally known for their role in promoting cytotoxicity of foreign, infected or neoplastic cells. Granzymes induce (apoptotic) cell death mediated by a collective of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs) (e.g. cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), natural killer (NK) cells).

What cell contains cytotoxic granules?

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) contain granules that are exocytosed during specific interaction with target cells (TC). In this process, the granule contents, including the lethal protein perforin, as well as granzymes, a family of serine esterases, are delivered to the TC.

What do secretory granules do?

Secretory granules function as storage compartments for secretory products and are the main organelles involved in regulated secretion. Discharge of the granule content occurs under precise local requirements after external, either neuronal or hormonal, stimulation.

What do cytotoxic granules contain?

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) contain granules that are exocytosed during specific interaction with target cells (TC). In this process, the granule contents, including the lethal protein perforin, as well as granzymes, a family of serine esterases, are delivered to the TC.

Do CD8 cells have granules?

Cytotoxic granules play a major role in T cell-mediated effector function against tumors and viral pathogens (1, 2). Naive (TN)3 CD8+ T cells lack granules, but acquire them upon activation, proliferation, and differentiation into effector cells.

Do membranes fuse in exocytosis?

In exocytosis, vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane at the opposite pole of the syncytium, followed by release of the contents by fission.

What is exocytosis quizlet?

Exocytosis. a process in which material inside a cell is packaged into vesicles and excreted into the extracellular medium.

What are Perforins and granzymes?

Perforin is a pore-forming protein and also known as cytoplasmic granule toxins. Granzyme is a family of structurally related serine proteases stored within the cytotoxic granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs). Perforin and granzyme induce target-cell apoptosis cooperatively.

What do cytotoxic cells do?

Cytotoxic T cells kill target cells bearing specific antigen while sparing neighboring uninfected cells. All the cells in a tissue are susceptible to lysis by the cytotoxic proteins of armed effector CD8 T cells, but only infected cells are killed.