What is benzidine dihydrochloride used for?
What is benzidine dihydrochloride used for?
1.2. Uses. Benzidine has been used since the 1850s as the reagent base for the production of a large number of dyes, particularly azo dyes for wool, cotton, and leather (IARC, 2010).
What is a benzidine reagent?
Benzidine is a grayish-red, yellowish or white colored, very toxic, crystalline aromatic amine that darkens when exposed to air and light. Benzidine has been widely used for the detection of blood and as a reagent in the manufacture of dyes.
What is benzidine reaction?
benzidine, an organic chemical belonging to the class of amines and used in making numerous dyestuffs. The chemical reactions of benzidine are typical of aromatic primary amines; with nitrous acid it yields the bisdiazonium salt, which may be coupled with aromatic amino or hydroxyl compounds to produce azo dyes.
What is benzidine powder?
Benzidine (trivial name), also called 1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (systematic name), is an organic compound with the formula (C6H4NH2)2. It is an aromatic amine. It is a component of a test for cyanide. Related derivatives are used in the production of dyes. Benzidine has been linked to bladder and pancreatic cancer.
Why is benzidine harmful?
Chronic (long-term) exposure to benzidine in humans may result in injury to the bladder. Epidemiological studies have shown occupational exposure to benzidine to result in an increased risk of bladder cancer.
What is the difference between benzene and benzidine?
is that benzidine is (organic compound) the aromatic diamine 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl that is used in testing for cyanide, and for traces of blood while benzene is (organic compound) an aromatic hydrocarbon of formula c6h6 whose structure consists of a ring of alternate single and double bonds.
What is the benzidine test?
Medical Definition of benzidine test : a sensitive test for the presence of blood (as in urine or feces) based on the production of a blue color upon contact with a solution of benzidine, hydrogen peroxide, and glacial acetic acid.
Does benzidine dissolve in water?
Benzidine is a biphenyl amine that exists at room temperature as a crystalline grayish-yellow, white, or reddish-gray power. It is slightly soluble in cold water, more soluble in hot water, and readily soluble in less-polar solvents such as diethyl ether and ethanol. It darkens on exposure to air and light.
Is benzidine toxic?
No information is available on the acute (short-term) effects of benzidine in humans by inhalation exposure but benzidine is considered to be very acutely toxic to humans by ingestion. Chronic (long-term) exposure to benzidine in humans may result in injury to the bladder.
What does formaldehyde do to the body?
When formaldehyde is present in the air at levels exceeding 0.1 ppm, some individuals may experience adverse effects such as watery eyes; burning sensations in the eyes, nose, and throat; coughing; wheezing; nausea; and skin irritation.
Where is formaldehyde used?
Formaldehyde is a strong-smelling, colorless gas used in making building materials and many household products. It is used in pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, plywood, and fiberboard; glues and adhesives; permanent-press fabrics; paper product coatings; and certain insulation materials.
Why is benzidine a carcinogen?
Studies on Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Benzidine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes (via N-oxidation) to form electrophilic compounds that can bind cova- lently to DNA (Choudhary 1996). Benzidine caused mutations in bacteria and plants, but gave conflicting results in cultured rodent cells.
Are benzidine based dyes safe?
Benzidine dyes can be metabolized to benzidine, which is classified as a known human carcinogen. EPA is concerned with the potential for exposure to these chemicals. This SNUR will provide EPA the opportunity to review and control, as appropriate, before any use of the nine benzidine based dyes could resume.
What is benzidine used for in everyday life?
In the past, large amounts of benzidine were used to produce dyes for cloth, paper, and leather. It was also used in clinical laboratories for detecting blood, as a rubber-compounding agent, and in the manufacture of plastic films.
How can you be exposed to benzidine?
Inhalation and accidental ingestion are the main ways people can be exposed to benzidine-based dyes in the United States. As benzidine-based dyes were removed from both industrial and consumer markets and replaced with other types of dyes, the potential for exposure has declined. Which cancers are associated with exposure to benzidine?
Which cancers are associated with exposure to benzidine?
Which cancers are associated with exposure to benzidine? Occupational exposure to benzidine results in an increased risk of bladder cancer, according to studies of workers in different geographic locations.