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How are lubricants manufactured?

How are lubricants manufactured?

Lubricating oil is refined from crude oil. After undergoing a purifying process colled sedimentation, the crude oil is heated in huge fractionating towers. The lube oil that is collected is filtered, and then additives are mixed in. refined oil to give it desired physical properties.

What is the process of refining lubricant?

The most important methods for the recycling of used lubricating oils are re- refining and reclamation [7]. Used oil has been re-refined using many techniques such as chemical (acid/clay) treatment [2,9], physical treatment by distillation and thin film evaporation and solvent extraction [1].

What is hydrotreated oil?

Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) is a biofuel made by the hydrocracking or hydrogenation of vegetable oil. Hydrocracking breaks big molecules into smaller ones using hydrogen while hydrogenation adds hydrogen to molecules.

How base oil is produced?

Base oils are produced by extracting and treating high-viscosity material from narrow distillation cuts of vacuum gasoil or vacuum resid. This requires special processing through a number of different units comprising the lubes plant.

How many mechanism are there for lubrication?

Explanation: There are three mechanisms are there for lubrication. They are thin film lubrication, thick film lubrication and extreme pressure lubrication. The thick pressure lubrication is also called as fluid film or hydro dynamic lubrication. The thin film lubrication is also called as boundary lubrication.

What is the function of lubricants?

A lubricant is a substance that helps to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces.

What is lube oil made of?

The Importance of Refineries. Most lubricating oils come from petroleum or crude oil. In order to get a lubricating oil from a crude oil, the crude oil must be sent through a refinery. The refinery takes from the crude oil a lot of molecules of various sizes and structures that can be used for different things.

What is base oil in refinery?

Base oils are used to manufacture products including lubricating greases, motor oil and metal processing fluids. Base oil is produced by means of refining crude oil. This means that crude oil is heated in order that various distillates can be separated from one another.

What is Hydrofining in chemistry?

Hydrotreating is a reductive deoxygenation method of triglycerides in vegetable oils at high hydrogen pressures (50–100 bar) and moderate temperatures using supported metal catalysts. This reaction is typically catalyzed by solid acids [3].

Why do we need hydrotreating?

The purpose of a hydrotreater unit is primarily to remove sulfur and other contaminants from intermediate streams before blending into a finished refined product or before being fed into another refinery process unit.

What is base oil in lubricants?

Before lubricant is blended with additives, it constitutes of just the base oil; in case of grease, the base oil is blended with a thickener. Base oils for industrial lubricants belong to two different categories – synthetics and mineral oil, and they are present in all lubricants.

Why additives are used in lubricants?

The primary function of Lubricant additives is to improve the properties of the base stock under different operating conditions and the high performance requirements of any machinery. Lubricant additives are chemical components that need to blend well with the base oil to function as a single fluid.